de-

Deduce Derivatives with De-!

Today we will focus on the prefix de-, which interchangeably means “off” or “from.” Let’s check out the following derivatives that depend upon the Latin preposition de-.

When we study English vocabulary, we find that most English words are derived or come “from” Greek or Latin; these vocabulary words are called derivatives. These Latin and Greek roots help you decide, or cut “off” false meanings of the derivatives to arrive at a decision as to what the word means.

We all depend, or hang “from” the ability of cars to take us from place to place. When you take your foot “off” the gas, your car begins to decelerate, or move down “from” its current speed to a slower velocity. This deceleration may be caused by a traffic jam, making you feel dejected or thrown “off” your customary good mood. There are, however, different degrees of such temporary depression; you could find that when deciduous trees’ leaves begin falling “off” in the autumn, your spirits sink. Or you could be demoted in your job, moved down “from” the position you currently enjoy; perhaps the boss thinks you are deficient in your job performance, doing things “off” of or “from” how they should be done. Worse yet, imagine if you were in Wonderland and the Queen of Hearts gave the order of “Off with his head!” Best to avoid such decapitation at all costs!

Enough doom and gloom about the prefix de- which means “off” or “from.” Some people cannot drink caffeine but still love coffee and tea. Luckily both come in decaffeinated varieties, where the caffeine has been taken “from” the beans or leaves. Say you didn’t know if the coffee you were drinking was decaf or not. You could drink a little, and then deduce, or draw a conclusion “from” your symptoms as to whether or not it contains caffeine. Shaky? Energized?

“Off” with this podcast! Enough of de- to fill up your day—I don’t want to detract or drag you “from” other activities for any longer!

1. derive: to come “from”
2. derivative: a word that has come “from” another language
3. depend: hang “from”
4. decide: to cut “off” false possibilities or poor options
5. decision: a cutting “off” of all possibilities but one
6. decelerate: to move down “from” the current speed to a slower one
7. dejected: thrown “off” in spirits
8. depression: pressed “off” or “from” a good mood
9. deciduous: of leaves falling “from” a tree in autumn
10. demote: to be moved down “from” a current job status
11. deficient: of doing tasks “off” from how they should be done
12. decapitate: to take “off” a head
13. decaffeinated: state of caffeine having been taken “from” coffee beans or tea leaves
14. deduce: to arrive at a conclusion by leading evidence “from” a given situation
15. deduction: a leading “from” evidence to a conclusion
16. detract: to drag “from”

Usage

• desultory

  Something that is desultory is done in a way that is unplanned, disorganized, and without direction.

• despondent

  If you are despondent, you are extremely unhappy because you are in an unpleasant situation that you do not think will improve.

• denouement

  A denouement is the end of a book, play, or series of events when everything is explained and comes to a conclusion.

• denounce

  If you denounce people or actions, you criticize them severely in public because you feel strongly that they are wrong or evil.

• delineate

  If you delineate something, such as an idea or situation or border, you describe it in great detail.

• deference

  If you behave with deference towards someone, you show them respect and accept their opinions or decisions, especially because they have an important position.

• nondescript

  Something is nondescript when its appearance is ordinary, dull, and not at all interesting or attractive.

• debonair

  A man who is debonair is sophisticated, charming, friendly, and confident.

• condescend

  When people condescend, they behave in ways that show that they are supposedly more important or intelligent than other people.

• indefatigable

  If someone is indefatigable, they never show signs of getting tired.

• defoliate

  Someone defoliates a tree or plant by removing its leaves, usually by applying a chemical agent.

• devolve

  When something devolves, such as a responsibility or a person's status, it passes along to another person.

• desecrate

  If you desecrate something that is considered holy or very special, you deliberately spoil or damage it.

• decipher

  When you decipher a message or piece of writing, you work out what it says, even though it is very difficult to read or understand.

• decadent

  A decadent person has low moral standards and is more interested in pleasure than serious matters.

• despicable

  If you say a person's actions are despicable, you think they are extremely unpleasant or nasty.

• detritus

  Detritus is the small pieces of waste that remain after something has been destroyed or used.

• deprecate

  If you deprecate something, you disapprove of it strongly.

• debunk

  When you debunk someone's statement, you show that it is false, thereby exposing the truth of the matter.

• deficit

  A deficit occurs when a person or government spends more money than has been received.

• defunct

  Something that is defunct is no longer in existence or does not function.

• degenerate

  A degenerate person is immoral, wicked, or corrupt.

• demented

  A demented person is not in their right mind; hence, they are crazy, insane, and highly irrational.

• depredation

  Depredation can be the act of destroying or robbing a village—or the overall damage that time can do to things held dear.

• derivative

  A derivative is something borrowed from something else, such as an English word that comes from another language.

• derogatory

  A derogatory statement about another person is highly offensive, critical, uncomplimentary, and often insulting.

• designation

  A designation is a name, label, or mark that something is given to identify it.

• destitute

  Someone who is destitute lives in extreme poverty and thus lacks the basic necessities of life.

• deterrent

  A deterrent keeps someone from doing something against you.

• detrimental

  Something detrimental causes damage, harm, or loss to someone or something.

• deviate

  When someone's behavior is deviating, they do things differently by departing or straying from their usual way of acting.

• legerdemain

  Legerdemain is the skillful use of one's hands or the employment of another form of cleverness for the purpose of deceiving someone.

• predecessor

  A predecessor comes before someone else in a job or is an ancestor of someone.

• demarcation

  Demarcation is the process of setting boundaries or limits; it is also a line that provides a distinct separation between two things.

• deplete

  When you deplete a supply of something, you use it up or lessen its amount over a given period of time.

• deceitful

  Someone who is deceitful is tricky, false, or dishonest.

• despair

  When you are experiencing despair, you feel hopeless; you may believe that you are going through certain and sad defeat that you can do nothing about.

• devious

  A devious person can act in a dishonest, tricky, or secretive way for their own purposes.

• descendant

  A descendant is someone's offspring or child; it is also someone who can be traced back to an ancestor.

• indeterminate

  When a piece of information is indeterminate, it cannot be known with certainty.

• deracinate

  When someone or something is deracinated, the former is uprooted or removed from their natural environment whereas the latter is eradicated, uprooted, or destroyed.

• descry

  When you descry something, you detect, discover, discern, or see it.

• descend

  When you descend something, such as stairs or a mountain, you go down it.

• desperate

  If you are desperate, you don't know what to do about a very difficult problem you are having; you are very worried about it and willing to do just about anything to make it better.

• independent

  Someone who is independent takes care of themselves and does not rely on anyone to help them.

• desire

  A desire is something that you want or wish you had.

• decide

  When you decide something, you make a choice, usually after thinking about it.

• dedicate

  When you dedicate yourself to something, you spend a lot of time and effort doing it.

• depend

  When you depend on another person, you rely on them or need them to do something for you.

• decay

  When something decays, it breaks down as it is slowly being destroyed.

• deceive

  When you deceive another person, you trick them in some way, often by making them believe that something is true when it is not.

• describe

  When you describe something, you say what it is like or explain it.

• defend

  When you defend someone, you guard or protect them to keep them safe from harm.

• depress

  Something that depresses someone makes them sad and disappointed with life; they often don’t want to do anything because of it.

• detail

  A detail of something is a fact about it or one part of it.

• design

  When you design something, you plan or create it.

• degree

  The degree of something is the size, amount, level, or strength of it.

• detect

  When you detect something, you uncover or find it.

• destruction

  The destruction of something is the causing of so much damage to it that it cannot be fixed.

• determine

  When you determine something, you figure it out or decide about it.

• decapitate

  cut the head of

• decelerate

  lose velocity

• deciduous

  (of plants and shrubs) shedding foliage at the end of the growing season

• decisive

  determining or having the power to determine an outcome

• deduce

  reason by deduction

• deficient

  inadequate in amount or degree

• degradation

  changing to a lower state (a less respected state)

• demote

  assign to a lower position

• demystify

  make less mysterious or remove the mystery from

• deranged

  driven insane

• detached

  showing lack of emotional involvement

• detract

  take away a part from

• desuetude

  a state of inactivity or disuse